Linux: du – Disk Usage
du
Disk Usage – report the amount of disk space used by the specified files and for each subdirectory.
Syntax
du [options]... [file]...
With no arguments, `du’ reports the disk space for the current directory. Normally the disk space is printed in units of 1024 bytes, but this can be overridden
OPTIONS
`-a'
`--all'
Show counts for all files, not just directories.
`-b'
`--bytes'
Print sizes in bytes, overriding the default block size (*note
Block size::).
`-c'
`--total'
Print a grand total of all arguments after all arguments have been
processed. This can be used to find out the total disk usage of a
given set of files or directories.
`-D'
`--dereference-args'
Dereference symbolic links that are command line arguments. Does
not affect other symbolic links. This is helpful for finding out
the disk usage of directories, such as `/usr/tmp', which are often
symbolic links.
`-h'
`--human-readable'
Append a size letter such as `M' for megabytes to each size.
Powers of 1024 are used, not 1000; `M' stands for 1,048,576 bytes.
Use the `-H' or `--si' option if you prefer powers of 1000.
`-H'
`--si'
Append a size letter such as `M' for megabytes to each size. (SI
is the International System of Units, which defines these letters
as prefixes.) Powers of 1000 are used, not 1024; `M' stands for
1,000,000 bytes. Use the `-h' or `--human-readable' option if you
prefer powers of 1024.
`-k'
`--kilobytes'
Print sizes in 1024-byte blocks, overriding the default block size
(*note Block size::).
`-l'
`--count-links'
Count the size of all files, even if they have appeared already
(as a hard link).
`-L'
`--dereference'
Dereference symbolic links (show the disk space used by the file
or directory that the link points to instead of the space used by
the link).
`--max-depth=DEPTH'
Show the total for each directory (and file if -all) that is at
most MAX_DEPTH levels down from the root of the hierarchy. The
root is at level 0, so `du --max-depth=0' is equivalent to `du -s'.
`-m'
`--megabytes'
Print sizes in megabyte (that is, 1,048,576-byte) blocks.
`-s'
`--summarize'
Display only a total for each argument.
`-S'
`--separate-dirs'
Report the size of each directory separately, not including the
sizes of subdirectories.
`-x'
`--one-file-system'
Skip directories that are on different filesystems from the one
that the argument being processed is on.
`--exclude=PAT'
When recursing, skip subdirectories or files matching PAT. For
example, `du --exclude='*.o'' excludes files whose names end in
`.o'.
`-X FILE'
`--exclude-from=FILE'
Like `--exclude', except take the patterns to exclude from FILE,
one per line. If FILE is `-', take the patterns from standard
input.
On BSD systems, `du' reports sizes that are half the correct values
for files that are NFS-mounted from HP-UX systems. On HP-UX systems,
it reports sizes that are twice the correct values for files that are
NFS-mounted from BSD systems. This is due to a flaw in HP-UX; it also
affects the HP-UX `du' program.
Example
List the total files sizes for everything 1 directory (or less) below the currrent directory ( . )
[simon@testserver]$ du -hc –max-depth=1 .
400M ./data1
1.0G ./data2
1.3G .
1.3G total
“Never go to a doctor whose office plants have died” – Erma Bombeck
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